@article{Kasim Mohammad_2022, title={Calculation of 95% confidence interval of the median lethal dose determined by the up-and-down procedure: a letter to editor }, volume={5}, url={https://www.jidhealth.com/index.php/jidhealth/article/view/233}, DOI={10.47108/jidhealth.Vol5.Iss3.233}, abstractNote={<p style="font-weight: 400;">Acute toxicity of chemicals can be determined by the up-and-down procedure (UDP) to measure the median lethal dose (LD50) in laboratory animals. An improved UPD was introduced to calculate the 95% confidence intervals (CI) for LD50 values:</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;">95% confidence interval = LD50 <u>+</u> the standard error (SE)</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;">SE = SD x √2/N (SD= standard deviation of all dosages in N trials in animals).</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;">However, not all studies using the UDP report the 95% CI. Using the above mentioned equations, it is possible to calculate the 95% CI of LD50 determined by using the table of Dixon for UDP- section of the standard error 0.61. For demonstration, recalculations were done on selected LD50 values with standard deviation, standard error and 95% CI from published literature by using the above mentioned equations. These included the LD50 values of propofol and diazinon in chicks, as well as cadmium and tetramisole in mice. </p>}, number={3}, journal={Journal of Ideas in Health}, author={Kasim Mohammad, Fouad}, year={2022}, month={Aug.}, pages={725–726} }