Gasoline and vehicle-exhaust inhalation in an 11-year-old with autism spectrum disorder: a case report and management considerations
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Abstract
Background: Volatile substance abuse in children with neurodevelopmental disorders remains under-recognized, particularly in low-resource settings. Sensory-seeking behavior and environmental access can reinforce such patterns, posing medical and psychosocial risks.
Case presentation: We report the case of an11-year-old boy with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) presented with repetitive inhalation of gasoline and other volatile fuel vapors. The behavior, initially interpreted as enjoyment habit, escalated to habitual sniffing from fuel containers and vehicle exhaust. No acute intoxication condition was reported, but intermittent dizziness and cough were reported. Laboratory tests and electrocardiogram were within normal limits, whereas electroencephalography (EEG) is suggestive of ADHD. Multidisciplinary intervention was adapted including environmental modification, behavioral replacement strategies, psychoeducation, and referral to pediatric toxicology and psychiatry. Early follow-up showed reduced exposure frequency and improved parental management.
Conclusion: This case highlights the need for early recognition of solvent-related behaviors in neurodivergent children, emphasizing environmental control, behavioral therapy, and multidisciplinary coordination.
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